Readings on the Principles and Applications of Decision Analysis Vol 1
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FLT PRINCIPLES OF Didactics
The leading principles of teaching are presented in the table.
As we said at previous lecture Methodology of FLT is based on the fundamentals of the principles of didactics; among them a conscious approach of linguistic communication learning, activity, visualization and others. The didactic principles of instruction were formulated past Komensky (1592-1670). It is very important to define the basic principles of FLT. Equally a Pedagogical science FLT Methodology is based on the principles of didactics, on the one hand, and on the other paw it has its ain principles as well. All methodological principles of FLTM nosotros dissever into 3 groups: general, special and specific principles.
Principles of didactics Principles of FLT Methodology Full general principles: Communicativeness Domineering part of exercises 3. Integration and differentiation 4. Native linguistic communication basis Special principles: Design Practice Oral approach Intensive study at the Master stage Approximation Specific principles (in teaching) Speaking Auding Writing Reading
General methodological principles define the procedure of foreign language teaching in general. To the general principles of FLTM we business organisation: the principle of communicativeness, the principle of native language basis, the principle of integration and differentiation, the principle of domineering function of exercises on all levels and spheres of mastering a FL.
The principle of communicativeness supposes the mastering of habits and skills, permitting the use of a language as a mean of communication. Usage of communicative activities leads to the formation of applied skills in all spheres of speech activities. The principle of communicative pedagogy implies the formation of communicative competence equally the aim of education a FL. There are different types of exercises which may have dissimilar levels of communicativeness: substitution exercises transformation exercises relatively-communicative communicative
The principle of native linguistic communication basis. The native linguistic communication is used every bit a reliable mean of agreement meaning and respective structures of a foreign language. The teaching material is organized to attain its positive transferring from the native language into strange. The principle of domineering role of exercises supposes that every activity must be finished by exercises. The exercises demonstrate the functioning of the learning material in the speech (communication).
The principle of Integration and differentiation. When we teach any aspect of language, we form knowledge and skills in all aspects and types of speech activities. For case, when we teach vocabulary - we pronounce the words in dissimilar contexts and develop phonetic habits.
Special methodological principles develop and give more concrete expressions to the special points and questions of general principles. To the special principles of FLTM we concern: the principle of intensive study on the principal phase, the principle of teaching on the base of operations of speech communication patterns, the principle of approximation, the principle of oral approach, the principle of combining language drills with speech activities.
The principle of intensive study on the principal stage provides the rapid mastering of phonetic, lexical and grammar materials on the main stages and including them into spoken language activeness. The formation of speech habits and skills requires a considerable amount of drill activities and repetitions of a language and speech communication cloth. The principle of teaching on the base of speech patterns proposes the thorough selection of speech patterns. Speech patterns enable the learners to use the phonetic, lexical and grammar material in the concentrate forms. The rapid acquisition of the linguistic communication material on the base of voice communication patterns enable the pupils to realize various communicative activities in reading and speaking.
The principle of approximation gives the teacher a possibility to conduct the organization and control forms more rationally. The teacher may ignore the pupils' language and speech mistakes if they don't break and impede (препятствовать) of understanding a content of chatty speech messages. The realization of this principle creates the positive atmosphere in the grade, which increases the activity of the pupils and eliminates their fears of mistakes.
The principle of oral arroyo demands the acquisition of the language material through speech activeness. The teaching of reading and writing is conducted on the base of language material. The following sequence of developing speech skills is maintained: the understanding of speech speaking reading aural writing So, the principle of oral approach consists in acquisition of language textile on the pre-reading stage, consolidation of the material and obtaining new information on the while-reading stage and developing chatty abilities on postal service-reading stage.
The principle of combining language drills with speech activities envisages the necessity of language conquering equally a mean of achieving a real communication. The main objective of the lesson is speech practice and speech activity.
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